Thursday, 19 April 2012

Simple past tense

05:43 | Posted by Jendela Ilmu | Edit Post

Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk fakta-fakta atau peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lampau. Contoh:
  • I played tennis with some guys from work yesterday.
  • We stayed in Shanghai for five days.
Kata kerja simple past tense (kata kerja bentuk ke-2) yang reguler dibentuk dengan menambahkan “-ed” pada akhiran kata kerja. Contoh:
  • jump -> jumped: The dog jumped over the fence.
  • walk -> walked: I walked 22 kilometers yesterday.
  • work -> worked: We worked together as lawyers for 15 years.
Kegunaan
Simple past tense digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah tindakan yang telah selesai dilakukan. Contoh:
  • We watched a movie at the weekend (kami menonton film di akhir pekan)
  • She arrived on Thursday (dia tiba hari Kamis)
Waktu spesifik harus dinyatakan atau diisyaratkan. Contoh:
  • I walked to work this morning – Dalam kalimat ini waktunya disebutkan
  • I walked to work – Dalam kalimat ini waktu tidak disebutkan, tetapi konteks kalimatnya dapat membuat kita memahami waktu yang dimaksud (yakni waktu lampau).
Kalimat negatif
Kalimat negatif simple past tense dibuat dengan did dan not. Did adalah bentuk lampau dari kata kerja to do. Did dan not sering disingkat menjadi didn’t. Contoh:
- I arrived in London on Monday -> I didn’t arrive on Sunday.
- They stayed at the Vivaldi Hotel -> They didn’t stay at the Carlton Hotel.
Karena “did” merupakan bentuk lampau, maka kata kerja utama tidak mengalami perubahan. Contoh:
  • We didn’t live in Italy. Did adalah bentuk lampau sehingga live tidak dirubah menjadi bentuk lampau.
  • We didn’t lived in Italy. Kalimat ini tidak benar
Kalimat bertanya
Pertanyaan dibuat dengan menempatkan did sebelum subjek. Contoh:
  • You lived in Japan -> Did you live in Japan?
  • They stayed at the Vivaldi Hotel -> Did they stay at the Vivaldi Hotel?
Kata kerja utama juga tidak berubah (tidak diganti menjadi bentuk lampau), contoh:
- You lived in Japan -> Did you lived in Japan? (tidak benar)
- You lived in Japan -> Did you live in Japan? (benar)
Kata kerja tidak beraturan
Ada banyak kata kerja simple past tense yang tidak beraturan (irregular verbs) dalam bahasa Inggris, yakni tidak ditambahkan -ed. Berikut beberapa kata kerja tidak beraturan yang paling umum.
be – was/were
become – became
begin – began
break – broke
bring – brought
build – built
buy – bought
catch - caught
choose – chose
come – came
do – did
draw -drea
eat – ate
feel – felt
fight – fought
find – found
fly – flew
forget – forgot
get – got
give – gave
go – went
have – had
hear – heard
hit – hit
know - knew
learn – learnt/learned
leave – left
lose – lost
make – made
meet – met
pay – paid
read – read
ride - rode
run – run
say – said
sell – sold
send – sent
shut – shut
sing – sang
sit – sat
sleep – slept
smell – smelt/smelled
speak – spoke
stand – stood
swim – swam
take – took
teach – taught
tell – told
think – thought
understand – understood
wear – wore
win – won
write – wrote
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